In English, “that” and “which” are often misused, yet they play distinct roles in sentence structure. Knowing when to use each word is essential for clarity and precision in writing. This lesson will clarify their meanings and provide examples to illustrate their correct usage.
That
Definition:
“That” is used to introduce a clause that is essential (or restrictive) to the meaning of the sentence. It helps identify specific information and is not set off by commas.
Examples of use:
This is the Chevy that has a new engine, distinguishing it from other vehicles.
Here is the rule that applies in both cases, providing critical context.
The project that received the most votes will be funded, highlighting its importance.
Which
Definition:
“Which” is used to introduce a clause that is not essential (or nonrestrictive) to the meaning of the sentence. It amplifies the information and is typically set off by commas or dashes.
Examples of use:
My Chevy, which runs well, has a new engine, adding more detail about its condition.
This rule, which became effective in 2011, applies to you, providing additional context.
The painting, which was created by a local artist, is on display at the gallery, enriching the viewer’s understanding.
Memory hook:
That identifies specific information, while which amplifies additional information.
In summary, use “that” for essential clauses that help define or identify something, and use “which” for non-essential clauses that add extra details. By mastering the distinctions between these two words, you can enhance the clarity and effectiveness of your writing.
