In this comprehensive lesson, we will explore four commonly confused words: “can,” “could,” “may,” and “might.” While they all relate to capability, permission, or possibility, understanding their nuances is essential for clear communication in English.
Word 1: Can
Definition:
”Can” (modal verb) indicates the ability or capacity to do something in the present or future.
Examples of Use:
“Unlike our previous server, this one can support up to 50 users.”
“With her new glasses, she can see clearly again.”
Further Explanation:
“Can” denotes a present or future capability without necessarily implying any doubt or uncertainty. It is used to express what someone is capable of doing or what is possible under certain circumstances.
Word 2: Could
Definition:
”Could” (past tense of “can” and modal verb) also refers to the ability to do something but often implies some degree of doubt, politeness, or a hypothetical situation.
Examples of Use:
“I suppose our old car could make the drive to California, but it might struggle on the hills.”
“She could finish the project by tomorrow if she works late tonight.”
Further Explanation:
While “could” can indicate capability, it is frequently used to express past ability or present/future ability with a sense of uncertainty or politeness.
Word 3: May
Definition:
”May” (modal verb) is used to express permission or possibility in the present or future.
Examples of Use:
“When time permits, you may start working on the project.”
“If everything goes as planned, you may finish the project early.”
Further Explanation:
“May” is commonly employed to grant or request permission, as well as to suggest a possibility or likelihood of something happening.
Word 4: Might
Definition:
”Might” (modal verb) also indicates permission or possibility but often implies a lower degree of likelihood or a more tentative assertion than “may.”
Examples of Use:
“We might be able to go to the party after the game if it finishes on time.”
“I might visit my parents next weekend if I can find a cheap flight.”
Further Explanation:
Similar to “may,” “might” suggests a possibility, but it often conveys a sense of uncertainty, hesitation, or a lower probability of occurrence.
In summary, “can” and “could” denote capability with varying degrees of certainty or politeness, while “may” and “might” express permission or possibility with differing levels of certainty. By understanding the distinctions between these words, learners can effectively convey their intentions and ideas in English communication.
